The most important parts of a hydroelectric power plant are the dam and the reservoir. The dam which is built on a large river, has a reservoir placed behind it to store water. The height of the water in the reservoir is directly proportional to the maximum possible potential energy from the water. The penstock is a long pipe or shaft which transfer the water from the reservoir to the power generation unit. Thus the water in the penstock has potential energy due to its height and kinetic energy due to its motion. The power generation unit contains turbines and generator. This water falls on the blades of the turbine which causes the blades to rotate. Thus the kinetic and potential energy of water is converted into the rotational motion of the turbine blades. The rotating blades causes the rotational motion of the turbine shaft, which is enclosed inside the generator where the electricity is produced. The rotational motion of the turbine shaft inside the generator generates magnetic field which is converted into alternating current by electromagnetic field induction. The transformer converts this electricity into a higher voltage which is then fed into power lines for distribution.
Hypotonic solution is a specific type of solution in which the concentration of water molecules is high than that of solute molecules present within that solution.
