Answer:
The spread and influence of Islamic culture was dramatically curtailed by Abdal-Rahman's 732 C.E./A.D. defeat at the:
A) Battle of Tours
Explanation:
Umayyad Caliphate was considered one of the greatest caliphates in Islamic history. In the 7th century, they dominated the Mediterranean and took over the remain of Roman and Persian Empires. In 711, the Umayyad invaded and conquered Spain, which brought Islamic culture into the Europe.
As Islam started to spread in Europe, the de facto rule of Francia (France), Charles Martel, decided to build his own army, so he could fight this threat. The Caliph of Umayyad's at that time, Abdal-Rehman, didn't know about this.
Charles Martel caught Abdal-Rehman and his army off-guard, near the place of Tours, and charged on them, which resulted in a defeat for the Umayyad Caliphate. This battle was named as Battle of Tours.
If Abdal-Rehman would have won, the majority of the world would have been Muslim. His defeat stopped the spread of Islam in Europe
Answer: Among the options given on the question the correct answer is option b.
The demand for war materials lessened, which weakened the global economy
Explanation: After the World War I the global economy has experienced a demobilization which means a depression on the economy. After war had stopped the demand for war materials and arms was lessened. As a result thousands of war materials factories were closed down since the countries had cancelled the order. So thousands of workers lost their job and found themselves unemployed.
So this factors had a negative impact on the global economy.
They pledged mutual allegiance
