In the age of the enlightenment people shifted their mentality, suddenly it didn't matter if you were rich or powerful, all it mattered is how smart, educated, innovative and serious you were. This led to many breakthroughs and tendency to write things down boosting the overall society's education and interest in science, tech, philosophy etc.
That's all I know (I'm more mathematically oriented) but I hope this helps.
<span>Assuming that this is referring to the same list of options that was posted before with this question, the best option is "public finance" since this is done at the federal level.</span>
