Answer:
Anti-diuretic hormone or ADH is a hormone which increases the permeability of the tubules to increase the reabsorption of water by adding aquaporins in the membranes of the tubules and aldosterone- a steroid hormone which increases the reabsorption of sodium and retention of water in the tubules.
1. In the low concentration of water- more water is absorbed from the kidney due to the production of ADH and aldosterone which reduces the volume of water in the urine and thus the low volume of urine is produced and the potassium ions retain in the body.
2. In high concentration of water- ADH and aldosterone are not produced and the urine is produced in a normal amount. Some potassium ions can be released.
Answer:
The correct answer is B. Peptides/proteins
Explanation:
Peptide or protein hormones are made up of amino acid polymers. Smaller peptide hormones are made up of 3-49 amino acid and larger protein hormones consists of 50-200 amino acids.
Most of the hormones produced by hypothalamus and pituitary are peptide/protein hormone like Growth hormone, prolactin, oxytocin released by pituitary are made up of peptides.
Some of the peptide hormones have carbohydrate group attached with proteins and are called glycoproteins for example luteinizing hormone is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by anterior pituitary which stimulate gonads to produce androgen.
Answer:
- Four types of reflexes: 1-stretch reflex, 2-Golgi tendon reflex, 3-crossed extensor reflex and 4-withdrawal reflex.
- Components of the deep tendon reflex: intact sensory nerve, functional synapse in the cord, intact motor nerve fiber, neurotransmitter junction and muscle.
- Aging process affects the brain because brain shrinks with increasing age
- Good health practices can mitigate health problems associated with the brain: avoid foods high in fat and cholesterol, regular physical exercise, avoid smoking, avoid excessive alcohol intake, etc.
Explanation:
The four types of reflexes that are integrated within the spinal cord include 1-stretch reflex (that leads to the contraction of a muscle in response to passive stretching), 2-crossed extensor reflex (a contralateral compensatory reflex), 3-Golgi tendon reflex, and 4-withdrawal reflex (a spinal reflex that protects the body from damaging stimuli). The deep tendon reflex (DTR) is a reflex that elicits involuntary contraction of the muscle, which is a fundamental aspect of a neurological evaluation. The five components of a DTR include intact sensory nerve (afferent that carries sensory information), intact motor nerve fiber (efferent that sends signals from the brain), functional synapse in the cord, neurotransmitter junction and muscle. Accelerated aging can lead to brain atrophy and brain shrinkage (especially in the frontal cortex). Healthy lifestyle strategies can minimize changes in an aging brain. Aging leads to increased stiffness of the large arteries, thereby increasing the risks of stroke. Low-fat foods and high-fiber foods (e.g., fresh fruit and vegetables) promote a healthy vascular system and help to maintain brain health. In this regard, it is also imperative to avoid high-sodium foods. Moreover, it has been shown seafood consumption may also reduce the risk of stroke. Other tips include: energy restriction (calory restriction) reduces oxidative damage, antioxidant supplements help to improve cognitive functions, avoid alcohol intake reduces the risks of cardiovascular diseases and dementia.
To control gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), avoid eating or drinking two hours before night.
When stomach acid continually rushes back into the tube between your mouth (esophagus) and stomach, it causes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) . Lining of esophagus may become irritated by this backwash (acid reflux). Many people occasionally have acid reflux.
Acidic or high-fat foods, such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions, chocolate, coffee, cheese, and peppermint, are the most frequent causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Distress can also be caused by spicy foods or big meals. Aspirin, ibuprofen, certain sedatives, and blood pressure drugs are other causes of heartburn.
The symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease are :
- Heartburn.
- Regurgitation (food comes back into your mouth from the esophagus).
- You experienced a food-related throat tightening.
- Chest pain
- difficulty swallowing
- Vomiting.
- Throat discomfort and hoarseness.
To learn more about gastroesophageal reflux disease click here,
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