B. Impoverished people in nineteenth-century Europe often lived in "forlorn and wretched" conditions.
Explanation:
This is the statement that Calhoun proposes that relies on fallacious reasoning. Calhoun argues that slaves lived better than some free people in other countries. He offers the example of how poor people in nineteenth-century Europe lived, whose conditions were often deplorable. However, this is an example of fallacious reasoning, because the social conditions of the poor in other countries have no impact on how fair or unfair slavery is.
