Henry VIII started the process of creating the Church of England after his split with the Pope in the 1530s. Henry was anxious to ensure a male heir after his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, had borne him only a daughter. He wanted his marriage annulled in order to remarry. In 1534 after several attempts to persuade the Pope to grant an annulment, Henry passed the Act of Succession and then the Act of Supremacy. These recognised that the King was "the only supreme head of the Church of England called Anglicana Ecclesia". Henry adopted the title given to him by the Pope in 1521, that of Defender of the Faith.
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The Plymouth Separatists cooperated with the Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630. Although the Puritans had originally hoped to purify and reform the Church of England, in New England they accepted the congregational form of church government established by the Pilgrims.
