Answer is B
Please mark this as the brainliest!
Answer:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating and an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by immune-mediated myelin and axonal damage, and chronic axonal loss attributable to the absence of myelin sheaths. T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, CD8+, NKT, CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells) and B cells are involved in this disorder, thus new MS therapies seek damage prevention by resetting multiple components of the immune system. The currently approved therapies are immunoregulatory and reduce the number and rate of lesion formation but are only partially effective. This review summarizes current understanding of the processes at issue: myelination, demyelination and remyelination—with emphasis upon myelin composition/architecture and oligodendrocyte maturation and differentiation. The translational options target oligodendrocyte protection and myelin repair in animal models and assess their relevance in human. Remyelination may be enhanced by signals that promote myelin formation and repair. The crucial question of why remyelination fails is approached is several ways by examining the role in remyelination of available MS medications and avenues being actively pursued to promote remyelination including: (i) cytokine-based immune-intervention (targeting calpain inhibition), (ii) antigen-based immunomodulation (targeting glycolipid-reactive iNKT cells and sphingoid mediated inflammation) and (iii) recombinant monoclonal antibodies-induced remyelination.Keywords: calpain, central nervous system, demyelination, fingolimod, glycolipids, lipids, multiple sclerosis, myelin, myelination, NKT cells, oligodendrocytes, remyelination, T cells
Explanation:
Answer:
<em><u>It </u></em><em><u>is </u></em><em><u>the </u></em><em><u>statical </u></em><em><u>study </u></em><em><u>of </u></em><em><u>human </u></em><em><u>population</u></em>
Answer:
The main difference between the controllable and uncontrollable risk factors are that- controllable factors are precautions that we can take to prevent diseases or harms and uncontrollable factors are the ones that we don’t have any control over.
Explanation:
The uncontrollable risk factors cannot be controlled by humans or they do not have that power over it to prevent ourselves from any kind of harm or diseases. Controllable factors, however, can be controlled by us or it involves the steps we take to prevent the risks.
Two examples of controllable risk factors are-
i) Precautions that we take to prevent strokes, like by quitting smoking, having a healthy diet etc.
ii) maintaining the traffic rules to prevent accidents.
Examples of uncontrollable factors are -
i) ageing, and
ii) family history of a disease.
