Vegetative reproduction, also known as vegetative propagation, is the process in which a single parent plant has an offspring that is identical to the parent, genetically. The offspring grows from parts of the parent plant. So, the answer to this questions is a.
Some of the conditions that must be met for a population or an allele to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
1. The population must be very large.
2. There must be no migration and population must be isolated.
3. There must be no mutations.
4. There must be random mating, which means there are no mating preferences.
So, a population will not be at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium if it is small, or there are mutations, which is not mentioned, but mutations are expected to occur. Also, although there is a large mountain, skunks can migrate to some other area of a woodland. So, probable mutations and migrations suggest that the population is not at <span>Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.</span>
The correct answer is Oxygen.
The surface of the Earth was liquefied. As the Earth cooled, an atmosphere generated primarily from gases erupted from volcanoes. It constituted methane, hydrogen sulfide, and ten to 200 times as much as carbon dioxide in comparison to today's atmosphere.
It was considered that there was an extreme volcanic activity for the initial billion years of the existence of the Earth. The initial atmosphere was possibly majority carbon dioxide will no or little concentration of oxygen. There were slight quantities of ammonia, water vapor, and methane.
