The correct answer is defecation.
<span>Soil productivity is the capacity of a soil, in its normal environment, for producing a plant. A productive soil is a soil in which the chemical, physical, and biological conditions are favourable for plant growth. All organisms, including animals, contribute to the soil by adding organic matter and chemicals via their bodies (decomposition), excrement (through the urinary and digestive system) and food residues.</span>
The answer is B, Jennifer and her husband were both carriers of the allele
Polycythemia is defined an abnormal increase in the number of circulating red blood cells. It is mainly caused by a cancerous condition known as myeloproliferative disorder or due to a low supply of oxygen to body tissues usually due to living in high altitude areas and the body tries to compensate by producing more red blood cells to increase oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Normal blood count values in a male adult is 4.7 to 6.1 million cells/mcL, while in a female adult it is 4.2 to 5.4 million cell/mcL.
If this blood cell count is significantly higher then these values, and remains there or continues to rise, over a given period of time, accompanied with some specific symptoms, then polycythemia is suspected.
The correct options are as follows:
1. D.
<span>A clade refers to a group of organisms that are made up of evolutionary descendants that originated from a common ancestor. A clade that will survive a series of catastrophic events must be one that is made up of distantly related and diverse species. This is because, those species will have different type of adaptability capacity and will be able to adapt in different ways to the catastrophic events. Due to the differences in their ability to adapt, some of the specie will survive the catastrophic events even if others are wipe out.
2. B.
The mass extinction of one specie usually creates space for another new specie to survive. The new specie that survive the old one may possess the ability to adapt to the event that wipe out the former set of living organisms and thus, the new specie will be able to occupy and reproduce in their new space. Mass extinction is said to occur when the whole population of living organism living in an ecosystem are wipe out as a result of unfavorable conditions.
3. B.
Convergent evolution refers to the independent evolution of similar features in species that arise from different lineages. The species involved usually evolve these traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments. Convergent evolution usually result in evolution of analogous structures, that is, structures that have similar forms or functions but which are not present in the last common ancestors of the species.
4. C.
In evolution, gradualism refers to theory that states that evolution occurs slowly and gradually, thus, large changes in evolution are actually product of small changes that occur over a long period of time. The theory of gradualism was originally proposed by James Hutton in 1795.
5. C.
Mass extinction refers to the wiping out of a a large number of species within a very short time. Mass extinction can occur as a result of severe unfavorable conditions that all the species in an ecosystem can not adapt to. An instance of this is a drastic decrease in global temperature after several massive volcanic eruptions.</span>
I disagree because although recycling is good, Earth firstly is not a closed system and new matter enters the environment all the time, such as comets.