Along with the fact that the infrastructural and industrial levels of the African colonies was never really developed by Europeans, the many various and opposing ethnic groups had no one to keep them in check now. As a result many civil wars took place between different religions, specific religious denominations, and specific ethnic groups of said religious denominations. Also nearly all of the leaders that broke free of European rule were woefully unprepared to lead a country both governmentally and economically. All of these factors are what lead to Africa's current problems.
Moral altruism
they helped informed only by ethical consideration regardless of any rivalry between the teams. Moral altruism is the highest calling in altruism(helping others selflessly) the team did not consider that if they failed to provide shelter to the other team it would get some advantage over it.
The poles receive more direct sunshine so it has to do with the angle that the light hits. The Earth is round and when light hits it the light wraps around the earth. At the poles the light is very stretched and at the equator it is very direct hence it is hotter at the poles.
