Answer:
1- The outcome of the Chinese Civil War led to the implementation of the Great Leap Forward.
2- During the 1970s and 1980s in the Soviet Union, there was very little political freedom, and the economy was stagnating.
3- The statement refers to the Marshall Plan.
Explanation:
1- The Great Leap Forward was a campaign of economic, social and political measures implemented in the People's Republic of China between 1958 and 1961, during the presidency of Mao Zedong, with the aim of transforming the traditional Chinese agrarian economy through rapid industrialization and collectivization.
The main changes of the rural regime included the creation of the popular communes, the prohibition of private agriculture, the promotion of intensive-labor projects and the policy called "walking with two legs", which combined small and medium-sized industrial initiatives, with the great undertakings, thus moving away from the Soviet model.
The predominant point of view in the Chinese Communist Party after the seizure of power by Deng Xiaoping, argues that the Great Leap Forward was a failure, caused largely by political errors led by Mao Zedong, which caused the death by starvation of large numbers of peasants, estimated between 15 million and 25 million.
2- The era of Brezhnevian stagnation refers to a period of notable socio-economic slowdown that took place in the Soviet Union, which began around 1965 and deepened during the 1970s and 1980s, which was a subtle harbinger that the regime could to arrive to suffer a collapse in the long term, as indeed it would end up happening at the end of 1991.
3- The Marshall Plan was a US initiative to help Western Europe, in which the Americans gave economic aid worth about 13 billion dollars at the time for the reconstruction of those countries of Europe devastated after the Second World War. The plan was in operation for four years since 1948. The objectives of the United States were to rebuild those areas destroyed by the war, eliminate barriers to trade, modernize European industry and make the continent prosperous again; all these objectives were aimed at preventing the spread of communism, which had a great and growing influence in post-war Europe.The Marshall Plan required a decrease in inter-state barriers, less regulation of business and encouraged an increase in productivity, union membership and new "modern" business models.
The Marshall Plan ended, as planned, in 1951. From 1948 to 1952, Europe experienced the period of maximum economic growth in its history. Industrial production increased by 35%, and agriculture surpassed pre-war levels sharply, poverty and hunger in the early post-war years disappeared, and Western Europe had two decades of unprecedented economic growth.
