They're example of brain work.
While metonymy replaces a concept or object entirely with a related term, synecdoche takes an element of the object and uses it to refer to the whole, and metaphor uses unlike things to draw an interesting comparison. For example, the wheels are one part of a car.
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Tornadoes are nature's most violent storms. They are rotating, funnel-shaped clouds that extend from a thunderstorm to the ground. Their whirling winds can reach 300 miles per hour. Although there are no guarantees of safety during a tornado, you can take actions to protect yourself.
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