Historians portray Louis XIV's construction of the palace of Versailles and Peter the Great's building of the city of Petersburg as #2) monuments to personal rule.
The first of these wars was the result of Rome's intervention to rescue the Campanian city of Capua from a Samnite attack. The second one was the result of Rome's intervention in the politics of the city of Naples and developed into a contest over the control of much of central and southern Italy. The third war also involved a struggle over the control of this part of Italy. The wars extended over half a century and the peoples to the east, north, and west of Samnium (land of the Samnites) as well as the peoples of central Italy north of Rome (the Etruscans, Umbrians, and Picenti) and the Senone Gauls got involved to various degrees and at various points in time. The Samnites were one of early Rome's most formidable rivals.
The results were Roman control over much of central Italy and part of southern Italy (the modern regions of Lazio, Abruzzo, Molise, Campania and Basilicata and Northern Apulia)
The Russian Revolution of 1905 was prompted due to unrest among the Russian people regarding the political, economic, and societal standards of Tsarist Russia and the Russian Empire. Many average Russians wanted the opportunity to express themselves more freely than was allowed under the leadership of Tsar Nicholas II.
The Russian people also sought more political freedom and a new system that included components of constitutional monarchy rather than the autocracy they had lived under for decades.
Finally, the Russian people sought a better life and standard of living following the brutal defeat in the Russo-Japanese War and expected the Russian government to provide more economic opportunities and stability.
