training native officials to administer and enforce French policies.
Imperialists around the world used ideas of racial, national, and cultural superiority to justify imperialism. One of these ideas was Social Darwinism which was the belief that life consists of competitive struggles in which only the fittest survive. Social Darwinists felt that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over inferior peoples and cultures. In an 1899 interview president McKinley explained "We could not give (the Philippines) back to Spain- that would be cowardly and dishonorable." instead he argued that the United States had no choice but to "take them all, and educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize...them.".
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The main concern was how to strike the balance between the powers of the federal government and those of the states. Another major concern was that of representation. How the states and their populations were going to be represented in order to prevent neglecting the interests of smaller states? The Great Compromise was reached; a two-chamber Congress with a House of Representatives with members who would be elected according to the population size in states, and the Senate with equal representation for all states.
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Among the other achievements of Reconstruction were the South's first state-funded public school systems, more equitable taxation legislation, laws against racial discrimination in public transport and accommodations and ambitious economic development programs (including aid to railroads and other enterprises).
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