The name for such a hole is "caldera" which is a word of Spanish origin meaning "a pot" or a "cooking pot" (thing of cauldron!) - and this word is used because it resembles the shape of this hole.
Often the Calderas are filled with water forming lakes and often there is an island in the middle of the water.
It was caused by a mix of different scenarios. Rome was constantly attacked by Barbarian tribes; they were over-expanded, which made it really hard for them to keep their entire empire under control; they had a lot of economic problems and relied too much on slave labor; and they spent way too much money on their military, just to name a few factors.
Answer:
Symbols, Language, Values, Norms, and Rituals traits are the building blocks of culture.
Explanation:
Hope this helps you as much as intended.
It is the Mantle im guessing
Mantle, inner Core, Crust, outer core.
