Answer:
The Black Death
The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. The plague arrived in Europe in October 1347, when 12 ships from the Black Sea docked at the Sicilian port of Messina.
Explanation:
Hope this helps, have a great day:)
All but the first one as Germany took all the blame through the war guilt clause (article 231)
