1): it's learned helplessness, -it's really hard to unlearn, and can't really be unlearned by conditioning.
2) the best answer here is social cognitive theory - observation of others is seen as a part of social cognition.
3) Here the correct answer is the following:
B. can develop even if a behavior is only intermittently reinforced. This means that you believe you're lucky on Fridays, even if you're not lucky on every Friday, only on some Fridays.
Continents and islands are examples of large landforms called LANDMASSES.<span>
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In the Middle East, you can expect mainly earthquakes to happen. Earthquakes also result in other natural disasters such as mudslides and floods. To prepare for earthquakes, you can pratice what to do during an actual earthquake such as if you're a farmer and outside, you would want to get to an open area to avoid powerlines, trees, or anything that could come down. To also prepare for or prevent a mudslide, plant and water diversion are good methods to stay safe. You can also make sure you plant appropriately on hills. For floods, you can always ask others about relocation routes and centres. On top of that, if possible, you can prepare a household flood plan.