I believe the answer would be cotton gin because the invention of the cotton gin was able to become more efficient in harvesting cotton.
Farthest northwest of which state?
California is the most populated state.
Which what is farthest to the northeast? If it's a state that would be Maine.
Which what is characterized?
Smith argued that by giving everyone freedom to produce and exchange goods as they pleased (free trade) and opening the markets up to domestic and foreign competition, people's natural self-interest would promote greater prosperity than with stringent government regulations.
Not sure what you're looking for exactly, but they were certainly risking their lives and livelihoods. African-Americans weren't the only people to be lynched in the fight against racism- black and white abolitionists were at risk as well (though certainly whites to a lesser degree).
If you meant Denton Cooley, he was the first person to implant an artificial heart in 1969.
