<u>Different types of water </u><u>erosions</u><u>:</u>
Sheet and rill erosion
Sheet erosion occurs when a thin layer of topsoil is removed over a whole hillside paddock—and may not be readily noticed.
Rill erosion occurs when runoff water forms small channels as it concentrates down a slope.
Scalding
Scalding can occur when wind and water erosion removes the top soil and exposes saline or sodic soils.
Gully erosion
Gully erosion happens when runoff concentrates and flows strongly enough to detach and move soil particles.
Tunnel erosion
Tunnel erosion is the removal of subsoil.
When water penetrates through a soil crack or a hole where a root has decayed, the soil disperses and is carried away with the flow to leave a small tunnel.
Stream bank erosion
Recent floods have made stream bank erosion a widespread problem across Queensland.
The major cause of stream bank erosion is the destruction of vegetation on river banks (generally by clearing, overgrazing, cultivation, vehicle traffic up and down banks or fire) and the removal of sand and gravel from the stream bed.
Erosion on floodplains
Some of Queensland’s best agricultural land is on floodplains because of the high fertility soils and availability of water for irrigation. These areas are subjected to high velocity floods that erode soils with insufficient surface cover.
Extreme weather events in UK are becoming more common, starting earlier and becoming more intense.
Drought - caused by a lack of rain. Flash floods - caused by too much rain in a short period of time. Strong winds and storms.
Significant storms preclude many workers from being able to report to their jobs and that can create significant declines in revenue for the duration of the inclement weather, or even a much longer period of time. What's more, consumer activity is usually suppressed during extreme weather. An enormous volume of debris dumped by the floodwaters had to be cleaned up and stagnant waters had to be re-oxygenated before being pumped back into rivers. However, worse impact of all was the contamination of all flooded areas by oil, agricultural chemicals, livestock effluent, and human sewage. I think that this is the worst impact because of its potential for causing harm to humans and other animals.
Socio-economic impacts were doubtless very important to the people affected at the time; for example, some of the evacuated residents were still living in temporary accommodation several months after the event. The economic impact will have been felt by the individuals involved as well as the taxpayer, local businesses and the local authorities.
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