Battle of Tours, also called Battle of Poitiers, (October 732), victory won by Charles Martel, the de facto ruler of the Frankish kingdoms, over Muslim invaders from Spain. The battlefield cannot be exactly located, but it was fought somewhere between Tours and Poitiers, in what is now west-central France.The death of the Visigothic king Witiza in 710 left Spain in disarray. The Gothic nobles refused to recognize his young sons and elected Roderick, dux (duke) of Baetica, to succeed him. Gothic Gaul followed Witiza’s son Akhila, and the Basques rebelled. As Roderick marched north to quell the Basques, his rivals appealed to Mūsā ibn Nuṣayr, the Umayyad governor of the Maghreb. Mūsā dispatched an army under Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād in late spring 711. The force landed at Gibraltar, crossed to mainland Spain, and in July 711 defeated Roderick’s army.Instead of returning to North Africa, Ṭāriq marched on the Visigothic capital of Toledo and took the city with minimal resistance. Mūsā arrived with a larger army in 712, and the two Muslim generals soon occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula. Although both Ṭāriq and Mūsā were recalled to the seat of the Umayyad caliphate in Damascus, their successors consolidated Muslim control of Spain and attempted to expand their holdings to the north. In 719 Muslim armies crossed the Pyrenees, taking Narbonne and establishing Berber settlements in Gothic Gaul. By 725 Muslim raiding parties were venturing as far as Burgundy, and in 731 they may have sacked Arles on the Rhône River.
Answer:
An amendment is a change or an addition to the terms of a contract,a law,or a government regulatory filing.
Explanation:
Any such document can be amended with the consent of the parties involved.
Answer:
as pagan religions
Explanation:
Europeans saw Christianity as the one true religion and anyone who was not Christian to be inferior. Natives were looked at as heathens or pagans
The Virginia Plan addressed the problem of weak legislature in the Articles of Confederation.
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Answer: Martin Luther, Jean Calvin, Henry VIII.
Explanation:
The Reformation is a movement that was launched in Europe during the 16th century. It is a movement whose effort is to contribute to spiritual and structural changes in the church's institution.
Martin Luther is the initiator of the whole idea. He knew the church's situation very well and decided to oppose the enrichment of church people and the passionate life. Luther was most opposed to the sale of indulgences or forgiveness of sins. Luther is considered the originator of the idea of the Reformation.
Jean Calvin was a French theologian and jurist. He is a person who has dedicated a good part of his life to science and study. He wrote several parts and left the Roman Catholic Church around 1533 because, as he stated, he needed to return the full teaching to the original Catholic dogmas.
Henry VIII was not a reformer and theologian, he was an English king, but he is important for the story about the Reformation in that country. He did not separate the Church of England from the Vatican because of religious beliefs but economic ones. In this way, he refused to submit the Church of England to the Vatican, avoided paying certain levies to the Pope and placed the Church of England under national auspices.