Answer:
b. actively transport Cl- from the ECF to the external environment.
Explanation:
Chloride cells are cells that are found in the gills of teleost fishes which pump large amount of sodium and chloride ions out from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the sea or environment against a concentration gradient in marine fish.
The opposite of this process occurs in freshwater fishes where the gills of freshwater teleost fish, cause an influx of sodium and chloride ions into the fish from the environment, also against a concentration gradient.
Mechanism of action
Salt water teleost fishes take in large amounts of seawater to decrease osmotic dehydration. The excess of ions derived from seawater is thrown out of the teleost fishes through the chloride cells. These cells employs active transport on the basolateral (internal) surface to diffuse in chloride, which then is pumped out of the apical (external) surface, straight into the surrounding environment. Such mitochondria-rich cells are located in the region of the gill lamellae and filaments of teleost fish.
Answer:
To produce energy in form of ATP
Explanation:
The thylakoid membrane harbors photosystems that will receive light photons, ejecting electrons from a main chlorophyl molecule in a reaction center, to other acceptors. These electrons will reach the electron transport chain to create a proton gradient, and subsequently, to produce ATP. Later on these electrons will reach the other photosystem, to produce reducing power. This is in plants.
Cyclic photosystems also exist, in some bacteria, for example, and only produce energy as ATP. They also have an electron transport chain.
Answer:
Lisa and Monica
Explanation:
<em>The correct answer would be Lisa and Monica.</em>
<u>For X-linked recessive disorders, a female can be unaffected, a carrier, or affected. However, a male can either be affected or unaffected and never a carrier. This is because females have two X chromosomes while males have only one.</u>
In addition, completely filled-in shapes in a pedigree mean that such individuals are affected for the trait in question while half-filled shapes mean the individuals are carriers for the trait.
Hence, individuals in the pedigree that are labeled carriers for red-green color blindness are Lisa and Monica (they both have half-filled shapes).
Answer:
If a plant's leaves only contained the vascular tissue xylem, then it will not be possible for the plant to absorb carbon dioxide. As carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis to occur, this means that the process of photosynthesis will not take place. As a result, the plant will not be able to produce food as photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food. This will result in the plant to die eventually in the end due to lack of food.
