B, C and D are all enlightenment ideas. They are enlightenment ideas, because they emphasize reason and scientific knowledge over religious theory and religious tradition. Diderot's Encyclopedia is a huge mile stone for the Enlightenment Period as it was a huge book of information so that it could educate the masses and there was a general idea during the time that all humans were equal and that elite monarchy and elitism in religion should not exist.
The scopes trial dealt with the issue of whether or not it was against religious beliefs to teach evolutionary science in schools. They were also known as the monkey trials.
