Explanation:
Modern methods indicate that the mutation rate is roughly one to two mutation per 10,000 genes per generation.
Answer: The observation "A" leads us to conclude that the finches populations are from two different species
Explanation:
According to the biological concept of species, <em>a set of individuals are from the same species if they are able to reproduce and leave fertile offspring</em>. This is key so one species can be successful and perpetuate through time. If they cannot leave descendants, then the species will be extinct. However, it’s possible that two individuals from different species mate and have descendants, but they cannot leave fertile offspring. When they are from different species, the offspring will be sterile and it is called a hybrid.
In the case of the South American finch, the island's finch population and mainland's finch population belong to different species because their offspring is sterile. To have different features, as different feather's color, or to have other dietary preference is not enough to say that they are different species. This is because within the same species, individuals can have variations. For example, we can different eye color and belong to the same species.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Involuntary functions of the body system; processes taking place in the body that is done without conscious efforts such as digestion, bloodflow, the heartbeat are controlled by the autonomic nervous system which is a part of the peripheral nervous system.
Plant produces glucose in the chloroplast through the process of photosynthesis. Calvin cycle is basically the biological process through which glucose is produced. The steps involved are as follows:
1. Absorbed CO2 is added to RuBP and 6C sugar is formed.
2. Breaking of 6C sugar into two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules
3. ATP gives phosphate group to form 3-phosphoglycerate which is later on converted into 1,3-biphosphoglycerate.
4. Electons are required by 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to an aldehyde called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or G3P and these electrons are donated by NADPH
5. Enzyme aldolase uses two molecules of G3P to produce 6 C sugar called fructose-1,6-biphosphate which is further converted to fructose-6-phosphate
6. Enzyme isomerase converts fructose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate
