In the first question the correct answer is "concerns" because works in the same literary movements often show the spirit of the time. In the second question the correct answer is "Transcedentalism", with representatives such as Thoreau, Emerson, Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman.
The element that is most likely to be featured in a work of realistic fiction is "well-defined character suggested by actual experience." This would provide the most realistic character.
