Answer:
in the wake of Abraham Lincoln's election as president in November of 1860, southern senators began leaving the Senate to attend secession conventions, while northern senators called for military preparedness. in December 1860, 74yr old Crittenden was in his last year of senate. as the nation edged closer to the precipice of war, Crittenden allies turned to him to find a peaceful way to preserve the union. today, such a compromise over slavery was still debated. for decades, contentious battles over this issue had been mitigated by legislative compromise. As late as December 1860 Crittenden hoped that one more compromise would keep the peace.
Referred to a special committee, the proposal had the backing of some powerful senators, including William Seward of New York, and gained support from the public who petitioned Congress to adopt the plan, but Radical Republicans like Iowa senator James Grimes, unwilling to accept Crittenden’s solution, rejected it. This peace proposal—like many others—died in committee. Crittenden left the Senate in March of 1861 and returned to Kentucky, where his persuasive arguments against secession kept that critical border state in the Union.
<span>The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III, c. 12) was a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament specifically on the colonies of British America. The act required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp.[1][2] These printed materials were legal documents, magazines, newspapers and many other types of paper used throughout the colonies. Like previous taxes, the stamp tax had to be paid in valid British currency, not in colonial paper money.[3] The purpose of the tax was to help pay for troops stationed in North America after the British victory in the Seven Years' War. The British government felt that the colonies were the primary beneficiaries of this military presence, and should pay at least a portion of the expense.
The Stamp Act met great resistance in the colonies. The colonies sent no representatives to Parliament, and therefore had no influence over what taxes were raised, how they were levied, or how they would be spent. Many colonists considered it a violation of their rights as Englishmen to be taxed without their consent—consent that only the colonial legislatures could grant. Colonial assemblies sent petitions and protests. The Stamp Act Congress held in New York City, reflecting the first significant joint colonial response to any British measure, also petitioned Parliament and the King. Local protest groups, led by colonial merchants and landowners, established connections through correspondence that created a loose coalition that extended from New England to Georgia. Protests and demonstrations initiated by the Sons of Liberty often turned violent and destructive as the masses became involved. Very soon all stamp tax distributors were intimidated into resigning their commissions, and the tax was never effectively collected.[4]
Opposition to the Stamp Act was not limited to the colonies. British merchants and manufacturers, whose exports to the colonies were threatened by colonial economic problems exacerbated by the tax, also pressured Parliament. The Act was repealed on March 18, 1766 as a matter of expedience, but Parliament affirmed its power to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever” by also passing the Declaratory Act. This incident increased the colonists' concerns about the intent of the British Parliament that helped the growing movement that became the American Revolution.[5][6]
The first Stamp Act Congress was held in New York in October 1765. Twenty-seven delegates from nine colonies were the members of the Congress and their responsibility was to draft a set of formal petitions stating why Parliament had no right to tax them.[64] Historian John C. Miller noted:
The composition of this Stamp Act Congress ought to have been convincing proof to the British government that resistance to parliamentary taxation was by no means confined to the riffraff of colonial seaports. The members were some of the most distinguished men in the colonies</span>
Answer:
Moluccas
Explanation:
The Dutch East India Company (VOC) began its empire and secure its monopoly on the spice trade with the founding colony at the Moluccas. The Dutch East India Company established in 1602. The Dutch wrest the monopoly of the spice trade from the Portuguese by establishing their colonies in Indonesia. The 16th century saw the long-distance trade with Asia, which resulted in the shift of the economic centre of Europe from the Mediterranean cities to the Atlantic coast of north and west of Europe. Colonies not only transformed the structure of trade but also introduced products in European markets like spices, tea, etc.
Answer:
faced their divisions in their party.
Explanation: