1. reading - present tense
2. paid - past tense
3. Laughing - present
4. growing - present
5. chosen - past
A participle is a verb that is used as an adjective or a noun. For example, in sentence 1, reading is describing the type of glasses, #2 paid is describing the type of volunteer, etc. Present tense participles usually end in -ing, past tense in -ed.
The "jeremiads" aimed at lamenting the state of degeneration of the people, the exhortation to action to secure redemption, and the alert to permanent zeal for the omnipresent evil.
The "jeremiads" acted as an instrument of social control, channeling thoughts and energies for the promotion of convention, the perfection of community life, and the salvation of souls.
1) She enjoyed being on the boats and at sea
2) She was a lively woman and a good leader
3) Her piracy made it difficult for others to travel at sea
4) They were surprisingly similar and found common ground between them.
