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lozanna [386]
3 years ago
11

durante la expedición que le costó la vida, el capitán scott y sus hombres encontraron fósiles de plantas y reptiles en medio de

la antártida, ¿cómo justificas su presencia según la teoría de la deriva continental, en un continente helado y asialado?
Biology
1 answer:
lesantik [10]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

LA DERIVA CONTINENTAL DE ALFRED WEGENER

Hasta que en la década de 1960 se aceptó la teoría de la tectónica de placas, existieron numerosas controversias entre una mayoría de científicos que defendía la inmovilidad de los continentes (fijistas) y quienes propugnaban que estos se habían desplazado grandes distancias a lo largo del tiempo (movilistas).

La suposición de que gigantescas masas, como los continentes, pudieran haberse desplazado miles de kilómetros parecía, en principio, descabellada, pero había indicios que apuntaban en esa dirección. El más sugestivo de ellos era el parecido entre las costas atlánticas de África y Sudamérica.

 

¿Piensas que los continentes están quietos o se desplazan? ¿Y los fondos oceánicos?

1.1. LA HIPÓTESIS DE LA DERIVA CONTINENTAL

El meteorólogo alemán Alfred Wegener fue el primero que reunió pruebas para explicar el parecido entre ambos continentes y demostrar que ambos estuvieron unidos en el pasado. Descubrió que el encaje era mucho mejor si, en vez de por sus costas, se unían por sus plataformas continentales. Pero el parecido no se limitaba solo a este hecho. En efecto, cuando Wegener ensambló ambos continentes, pudo comprobar que había cordilleras con rocas de la misma antigüedad y con fósiles idénticos, que se continuaban a un lado y otro de la línea de unión.

En 1912, Wegener presentó una revolucionaria hipótesis movilista: la deriva continental. Según ella, hace unos 200 millones de años todos los continentes estuvieron unidos en uno solo, al que denominó Pangea, que significa «toda la tierra».

image

Separación de Pangea según Wegener.

En su hipótesis, Wegener defendía erróneamente que los continentes, formados por una corteza más ligera, resbalaban o se deslizaban sobre una capa continua y más densa que conformaba el fondo marino y se extendía por debajo de ellos. Hoy sabemos que es toda la capa superficial de la Tierra, la litosfera, la que se encuentra en movimiento resbalando sobre el material viscoso y plástico del manto en el que descansa.

1.2. ALGUNAS PRUEBAS DE LA DERIVA CONTINENTAL

Wegener reunió gran cantidad de indicios indirectos que demostraban que los continentes se habían desplazado:

Pruebas geológicas. Wegener comprobó que el encaje entre las costas mejoraba cuando se unían por las plataformas continentales. Además, constató la continuidad de numerosas estructuras geológicas a uno y otro lado de la línea de unión.

Pruebas paleontológicas. Se basan en la presencia, en continentes actualmente alejados, de fósiles de organismos terrestres, como reptiles o plantas, que en ningún caso hubieran podido atravesar los océanos que hoy los separan.

Explanation:

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