Answer:
The inserted gene from the bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis) produces a protein (Bt delta endotoxin) which kills the corn borer caterpillar by binding to the gut wall of the insects when the insects ingest a part of the plant that contains this protein. The insect would stop feeding immediately this protein binds to the gut wall of the insect, which leads to the eventual death of the corn borer caterpillar as the gut wall breaks down.
It could affect a protein a few different ways:
1. If you get a switch of one nucleotide for another, this could (but not always) result in a different amino acid being inserted than was supposed to. So, for example, you were supposed to insert a methionine at AUG of the mRNA, but the mutation resulted in GUG which now codes for valine. This may disrupt the activity in the protein - either in proper folding or if in the active site of an enzyme could disrupt the activity.
2. Other swaps of nucleotides can result in shortened proteins - so if you were supposed to have tyrosine inserted at UAU and that got switched to UAA which is a stop codon, then the protein is too short - and may not fold or function correctly. Depends where the mutation is of course.
3. Of course take that further and perhaps you were supposed to have a stop codon (UAA) and that got switched to UAU...so now instead of stopping the protein synthesis you instead insert a tyrosine and the protein continues to be extended until another stop codon is reached...that could be disastrous for the function of the protein as it probably won't fold properly.
Answer:
<em><u>Production of new vaccines</u></em><em><u>,</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>canc</u></em><em><u>er</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>dr</u></em><em><u>ug</u></em><em><u>s</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>and</u></em><em><u> preparing seedless grapes</u></em> are the benefits of genetic engineering.
Answer:
Grasshoppers are primary consumers.
Explanation:
Autotrophs serve as primary producers in a food chain as they can make organic food by the process of photosynthesis. In the given food chain, tall grass is the primary producer. Grasshoppers derive their nutrition from the tall grass. The organisms that derive nutrition directly from the primary producers are said to be primary consumers. This makes grasshoppers primary consumers.
Mice the secondary consumers as they feed on the grasshoppers, the primary consumers. Red-tailed hawks are the top consumers in the given food chain. The bacteria, beetles, fungi, and worms are the decomposers that derive nutrition from the organic matter present in the dead bodies of the red-tailed hawks.