Which type of organism developed first?

Monoclonal antibodies to double-stranded RNA as probes of RNA structure in crude nucleic acid extracts. Nucl. Acids Res

Natasha2012 [34]

There are four monoclonal antibodies (MAB) which specifically recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) together with their use in new methods for detecting and characterizing dsRNA in unfractionated nucleic acid extracts. The specificity of the antibodies was analyzed using a panel of 27 different synthetic and naturally occurring nucleic acids. All four antibodies reacted in a highly specific manner with long dsRNA helices, irrespective of their sequence; no binding to single-stranded RNA homopolymers or to DNA or RNA-DNA hybrids were observed.

Monoclonal antibodies

A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.

Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, binding only to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different antibody-secreting plasma cell lineages. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one monoclonal antibody to two epitopes.

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2 years ago

Why do we sometimes talk in our sleep?( ꈍᴗꈍ)

krok68 [10]

Answer:

Sleep talking usually occurs by itself and is most often harmless. However, in some cases, it might be a sign of a more serious sleep disorder or health condition. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and sleep terrors are two types of sleep disorders that cause some people to shout during sleep

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3 years ago

Some people argue that evolution, which is generally associated with progressive increases in the

yKpoI14uk [10]

This argument would not be valid because it fails to take into account the mechanisms through which evolution occurs and misunderstands the second law of thermodynamics.

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a system must always increase. The argument stating that this law disproves evolution given that evolution can be considered as a decrease in entropy, fails to realize that the second law states that the total entropy must increase, this does not mean that entropy cannot decrease at one point, to then increase more so at another.

The other aspect of evolution that this argument fails to account for is that evolution is a chaotic process. Evolution, though having a final product that may be considered as increasing in organization, is at heart a chaotic process caused by random mutations and the fragile process of natural selection. Therefore, rather than disprove it, the second law of thermodynamics is actually the driving force behind continued evolution.

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