Japan was defeated because the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Germany was defeated because it was an allied effort that produced two fronts. The western front(France) and the eastern front(Russia).
Japan was defeated long before the atomic bombs (incidentally, developed by a team of Allied scientists including several ex-Germans and at least one Italian) were dropped. Japan's manufacturing base had always been small, and by 1945 she was starved of resources (including fuel) as the Merchant Marine had been virtually wiped out. Many of her cities had been flattened by conventional bombing, too. In fact Hiroshima and Nagasaki had been largely left alone due to their relatively low strategic importance.
The Allies were able to defeat both Germany and Japan because by the end of the war their manufacturing capacity far outstripped the Axis'.
Northern Ireland's Parliment opted out of becoming the Irish Free State. Northern Ireland wants to remain a part of the UK while the other part wants to become whole again.
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Geography and climate determined what kinds of crops could be grown, leading to different structures for economies and settlements.
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Athens was a democratic society and the epitome of democracy. Democracy began in Athens with the reforms
made by Solon where everyone was given the Right to vote and created a court of
appeals to examine cases. Sparta on the
hand was dictatorial state where people were divides into the Spartan citizens,
free men of trade and the helots or slaves.
Citizens were required to serve the military and only the fittest were
allowed to live in Sparta. Both states formed democratic government and
dictatorial government.
