Question

What spanish settlements still have the same names today?

Answer 1

Here are some:

-California (from the name of a fictional island country in Las sergas de Esplandián, a popular Spanish chivalric romance by Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo)

-Colorado (meaning "Red [colored]" or "Ruddy". Named after the Colorado River, whose waters were of that color.)

-Florida Meaning ""Flowery" or "Florid", because it was discovered by Ponce de León on Easter Sunday, called Pascua Florida to distinguish this holiday, which occurs in springtime when flowers are abundant, from other Christian holidays called Pascua in Spanish, such as Christmas and Epiphany.

-Montana from Latinized Spanish meaning "mountainous", also in Spanish "montaña" is the name of "mountain"
Nevada comes from the Spanish Sierra Nevada (which is also a mountain range in Spain), meaning snow-covered mountain range ("Nevada" is the Spanish feminine form of "covered in snow").

-New Mexico (Calqued from Nuevo México)

-Texas (based on the Caddo word teshas, meaning "friends" or "allies", which was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas). The letter x had a "sh" sound in 16th-century Spanish which gradually evolved to an "h" sound, which under later spelling reforms was assigned to the letter j (which originally also had a "zh", "j" or "y" sound). Thus the modern Spanish spelling Tejas, which sounds like "Tehas".

-Utah (Spanish word of Nahuatl origin, first used by friar Gerónimo Salmerón as Yuta or Uta in Spanish[1])

Hope it helps:)

Answer 2

Colorado, California, Texas, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Arizona. 

Hope it helps!