The answer is letter c. He wrote Discourse on the Method of rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking truth in the Sciences.
<span>Rene Descartes is always considered as the first modern
philosopher. His touchstone of the scientific method was on his first
publication, Discourse on Method in the year 1637. On this publication, the ways on how
scientific study should be done to achieve the utmost clarity is scribed by
testing the hypotheses using deductive way of reasoning. </span>
I believe that it would be the second one, Pharaohs.
They were patriots, so everybody wanted to protect their country.