Ethos, pathos, and logos. Ethos is appealing to the reader by the author establishing his credability. Pathos is appealing to the reader by the author "pulling at the readers heart strings." This means he is illiciting emotions in the reader. Logos is appealing to the reader by the author establishing logic in his argument. These stratagies are used by all authors, not just historical fiction writers.
They answer cannot be D, because the positioning of actors on the stage isn't one of Aristole's elements of drama.
It cannot be C, because costumes aren't a part of stage directions.
It can't be B, because costumes aren't a part of dialogue.
Therefore, the answer must be (A) staging, because it's the only one that includes them all.
Ok
Delete it if you want tho
D. has closed , there is no object