South Carolina was a state controlled by slaveholding planters where slaves were a majority of the population, worried that the same federal authority used to impose tariffs might ultimately be used to end slavery. If Congress could create taxes to benefit northern industries, the governor of South Carolina claimed, it could also outlaw slavery.
In November 1832 a South Carolina state convention adopted an ordinance of nullification repudiated two federal tariffs designed to protect the northern industries. In this action against the federal forces, South Carolina stood alone since most of the southern expressed sympathy but none endorsed nullification.
President Andrew Jackson sent federal soldiers to South Carolina, where the nullifies mobilized the state militia. In 1833 the president requested from Congress a "force bill" authorizing him to use the army, and, at the same time, he supported a bill in the Congress that would have lowered tariff duties substantially within two years.
On March 1, 1833, Congress passed the agreement tariff and the force bill, and the next day Jackson signaled both. Both sides were able to claim victory. Jackson had supported the supremacy of the Union, and South Carolina had defended a reduction of the federal tariff.
American imperialism” is a term that refers to the economic, military, and cultural influence of the United States on other countries. First popularized during the presidency of James K. Polk, the concept of an “American Empire” was made a reality throughout the latter half of the 1800s. During this time, industrialization caused American businessmen to seek new international markets in which to sell their goods. In addition, the increasing influence of social Darwinism led to the belief that the United States was inherently responsible for bringing concepts such as industry, democracy, and Christianity to less developed “savage” societies. The combination of these attitudes and other factors led the United States toward imperialism.
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“Ten Thousand Miles from Tip to Tip”: “Ten Thousand Miles from Tip to Tip,” refers to the extension of U.S. domination (symbolized by a bald eagle) from Puerto Rico to the Philippines. The cartoon contrasts the 1898 representation with that of the United States in 1798.
American imperialism is partly rooted in American exceptionalism, the idea that the United States is different from other countries due to its specific world mission to spread liberty and democracy. This theory often is traced back to the words of 1800s French observer Alexis de Tocqueville, who concluded that the United States was a unique nation, “proceeding along a path to which no limit can be perceived.”
Pinpointing the actual beginning of American imperialism is difficult. Some historians suggest that it began with the writing of the Constitution; historian Donald W. Meinig argues that the imperial behavior of the United States dates back to at least the Louisiana Purchase. He describes this event as an, “aggressive encroachment of one people upon the territory of another, resulting in the subjugation of that people to alien rule.” Here, he is referring to the U.S. policies toward Native Americans, which he said were, “designed to remold them into a people more Appropriately
The president clemency power can only be used in cases of state offenses
In the Upanishads, states Radhakrishnan, knowledge is a means to freedom, and philosophy is the pursuit of wisdom by a way of life. The Upanishads include sections on philosophical theories that have been at the foundation of Indian traditions.
