I he best answer is 3 I am 87 percent sure
European leaders responded to Islamic expansion in a very violent way. Following the initial incursions of the Islamic forces in those years, the European leaders decided it was time to take up arms and fight them in their own lands - what followed were the Crusades.
Well you could say Cuba had a dictatorship
Answer:
Caesar Augustus
Caesar Augustus brought a peace to the Roman Empire that endured long after his death. Caesar Augustus was one of ancient Rome’s most successful leaders who led the transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire. During his reign, Augustus restored peace and prosperity to the Roman state and changed nearly every aspect of Roman life.
Answer: It could be all but OC
Explanation: You can see in the way that they word the answers how this would be the answer. Human effort is a part of the creation of products, you need resources to even start production, and nature could effect production.