<span>new Southern state legislatures passed restrictive “black codes” to control the labor and behavior of former slaves and other African Americans. Outrage in the North over these codes eroded support for the approach known as Presidential Reconstruction and led to the triumph of the more radical wing of the Republican Party. During Radical Reconstruction, which began in 1867, newly enfranchised blacks gained a voice in government for the first time in American history, winning election to southern state legislatures and even to the U.S. Congress. In less than a decade, however, reactionary forces–including the Ku Klux Klan–would reverse the changes wrought by Radical Reconstruction in a violent backlash that restored white supremacy in the South.</span>
The ballot initiative process gives California citizens a way to propose laws and constitutional amendments without the support of the Governor or the Legislature.
Answer:
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Explanation:
The economic policies of Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union and of Deng Xiaoping of China included "<span>(4) a reliance on agricultural self-sufficiency"</span>
