Question

4) Considering the autonomic (visceral) nervous system identify which neurons are cholinergic and

Answer 1

Cholinergic and Adrenergic neurons

Explanation:

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a dual innervations system which innervates internal organs of the body through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Depending upon the neurotransmitter and receptor used, the ANS fibers are classified as cholinergic or adrenergic neurons.

The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH) and hence are called cholinergic neurons.

The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system releases catecholamine like norepinephrine(NE) and hence called as adrenergic neurons.

The cholinergic neurons store ACH in the synaptic terminals. They are myelinated to aid in faster neurotransmission. The ACH neurotransmitter released from preganglionic neurons activates the two receptors – nicotinic ACH and muscarinic receptors on the postganglionic neurons .

The postganglionic neurons releasing NE binds to the adrenergic receptors – Alpha 1 and 2, Beta 1, 2, and 3.