Mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs at a constant rate throughout history. Thus, each different base in Mitochondrial DNA is able to show just how long ago the 2 species diverged from each other.
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Dehydration Synthesis
Most macromolecules are made from single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other via covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers. In doing so, monomers release water molecules as byproducts.
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A covalent bond formed between a carbohydrate molecule and another molecule (in this case, between two monosaccharides) is known as a glycosidic bond. Glycosidic bonds (also called glycosidic linkages) can be of the alpha or the beta type.
Peptide bonds are the key linkages found in proteins. These bonds connect amino acids and provide one of the key foundations for protein structure.
Macromolecules, or polymers, are formed by the combination of smaller molecules or monomers in a specific sequence. This is an energy requiring process called polymerization that produces water as a byproduct.
The living animal, Mrs Nerg, And the seven life proccesses! There are seven Life Proccesses that tell us that animals are alive. Although her name sounds a bit strange, The letters in it stand for life proccesses - movement, Reproduction, Sensitivity, Nutrion, Excertion, Respiration And growth
