The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas. The slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, and existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of those who were enslaved and transported in the transatlantic slave trade were people from central and western Africa, who had been sold by other West Africans to Western European slave traders, who brought them to the Americas. The South Atlantic and Caribbean economies especially were dependent on the supply of secure labour for the production of commodity crops, making goods and clothing to sell in Europe. This was crucial to those western European countries which, in the late 17th and 18th centuries, were vying with each other to create overseas empires.
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The Abbasid regime made changes int he former era in order to build a nation based on the equity of all Muslims. The new leaders opposed the extensive military victories in stopping the dominance of the Arab military class. They ended hatred against non - Muslims and made Islam a stronger diverse religion. The Abbasid also shifted the center from Damascus to Baghdad, a tiny market city on the shores of the Tigris river.
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Osama bin Laden's declaration of a holy war against the United States, and a fatwā signed by bin Laden and others for the killing of Americans in 1998, are seen by investigators as evidence of his motivation.
He divided his kingdom into provinces and had a trusted governor for each one.