<span>10% rule (efficiency between trophic levels): limits how long an ecosystem's food chain can be
Predator/prey
cost benefit analysis (i.e. foraging) -- cost is risk of being eaten or
killed along the way, benefit is energy/nourishment obtained: limits
distribution of predator v. prey
Immigration/Emigration with other populations and ecosystems
Island
biogeography: size of land and distance from another
population/ecosystem (mainland): limits population size and variability
on island</span>
no they take the nutrients from the water to make the soil better.
<span>The group includes their common ancestor but also the seeded descendants of that same ancestor.</span>
I think it would either be c or d...
Answer:
be heritable and be an advantage to offspring
