Industrial melanism<span> is the resultant effect of</span><span> </span>industrial pollution on arthropods<span>. The individuals that had a darker pigmentation were more fit to the new environment, more polluted that caused darkened buildings and trees, and were thus favoured by </span>natural selection to survive.
Insecticide resistance and antibiotic resistance is also a manifestation of the emergence of new groups of organisms that are resistant to a specific attack out of an existing population, and are therefore favoured by selection to survive over the others.
Two related populations separated by a mountain range for many generations eventually become different species is an example of Allopatric type of speciation.
<h3>What is Allopatric speciation?</h3>
Allopatric speciation is a type of speciation that occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated by a physical barrier from one another.
So we can conclude that two related populations separated by a mountain range for many generations eventually become different species is an example of Allopatric type of speciation.
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The answer is B., Natural Selection.
Weather certainly doesn't change populations, and genes only caused individuals in a population to be slightly ( genetically-wise ) different from the others. It does cause change, but not change in the whole population over time.
Natural disasters don't change the populations over time either. Natural disasters only caused change in their environment, at most.
So, the only answer left is natural selection, and it makes sense too!
Natural selection is the process where the individuals with better traits suited to survive in that specific environment live on and give those good traits to their offspring.
The individuals with less suited traits to survive will die out, and will not be given an opportunity to reproduce and pass on their less suited traits, so over time, the population will increase of individuals with better suited traits to survive and the individuals with less suited traits will eventually die out, therefore making the entire population change.
Hope I helped you!
