Initiative referendum and recall
Answer:
mesopotamia
Explanation:
Sumer, located in Mesopotamia, is the first known complex civilization, developing the first city-states in the 4th millennium BCE. It was in these cities that the earliest known form of writing, cuneiform script, appeared around 3000 BCE
The most correct answer here would be are D - tribal and religious groups.
Tribal and religious groups are a serious obstacle in the middle east which disabled the probability of achieving a stable and democratic government in any short period to be seen.
Answer:
? do you have more context
Explanation: