Answer:
The answer is B. increased taxes
Explanation:
A reduction in budget funds doesn´t necessarily leads to higher taxes , there is no logical connection between the two phenomena.
For Italy, they were spies who collected top secret knowledge for the Allied Powers. They were U.S. soldiers who fought off the enemy successfully. They were British troops leaving their units to join the enemy.
How early? The chariot and the wagon have been around for a few thousand years
The type of society which didn't have a centralized government was called a Pastoral society. So that is your correct answer.
All the other civilizations/societies - the Egyptian one, the Mycenaeans, and the Indus valley civilization - had governments which were centralized and not dispersed to different locations.