When the plant change its direction towards sunlight
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and the offspring is identical to the parent. An example of an organism that reproduces asexually is Archaea or bacteria. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and the offspring's genes are equally contributed by each parent. An example of organisms that reproduce sexually are some land mammals. The chromosomes of a parent and offspring in asexual reproduction are identical and there is no difference in the chromosomes.
"Scarus frenatus" I think
In human gene therapy, a genetically modified virus (a.k.a. a viral vector) can alter the genetic variation of a cell, but not all viral vectors do.
The process often begins with the delivery of or creation of a segment of viral double stranded DNA (containing the gene you want to introduce). Then typically an enzyme known as an integrase cuts the ends of the segment of viral DNA and also cuts open the cell's DNA. Then the viral DNA is integrated/ inserted into the cell's DNA. The connecting ends are ligated together and adjusted so that the nucleotide base pairs match up.
This in the future may affect the gene pool for instance if the viral DNA (your gene) was inserted in the middle of another gene or important regulatory sequence of the cell DNA, and this alteration may be passed on into offspring and become present in the gene pool, which could have bad effects.
The effects on the gene pool really depends on what the virus ends up doing. For example, it may fix the function of a damaged gene which is the goal, and allow for a working gene to be in the gene pool, which would be good. The problem with gene therapy is that it's difficult to predict 100% what the virus will do every time it is given to a patient.
But it's very important to consider that it will only affect the gene pool if the virus is able to enter and alter germ cells (reproductive cells). If the virus, enters somatic cells (regular body cells) this will not be passed on to future generations. So viruses can be designed to avoid germ cells and avoid this gene pool issue. Also, some viral vectors use viruses that do not integrate their DNA, the cells just express the viral DNA (create the desired protein from it) and over time the viral DNA is degraded/ lost which wouldn't pose this threat.
This is long, but I hope it helped!
Answer:
Bacteria provides vitamins to humans
Explanation:
The correct answer would be that bacteria provides vitamins to humans.
<u>By definition, mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both benefit from each other.</u>
Bacteria in the gut of humans that provides vitamins to humans also benefit by making the human gut their shelter. While the vitamins represent an important nutrient to humans for their proper functioning, the shelter is also necessary for the bacteria for their safety.
<em>Hence, the observation that bacteria provide vitamins to humans is consistent with the argument of researchers that some bacteria found in the human gut are in a mutually beneficial relationship with humans.</em>
