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Answer:
The change in demographics observed in developed countries in the twenty-first century was falling birth rates and longer life expectancy. Option B is correct.
The world population is growing further slowly than it used to since birth rates have been reduced in numerous countries. At the same time, life expectancies have increased considerably.
In more than 80 countries, the birth rate is below the level of 2.1 children per woman.
The RMS Lusitania was a ship that sailed from New York and had American civilians in - at that point the US was neutral in the WWI -, when the ship came to the sight of the Irish Coast the German U-boat attacked it.
Despite the fact that Americans were horrified at the Lusitania attack, many Americans did not like the idea to enter the war, Irish Americans did not enjoy the idea of helping Britain because the country denied Ireland its independence, German Americans were sympathetic towards their ancestral homeland and Americans saw no reason to enter into a war between European powers. The US only entered war two and a half years after it started.
According to Pope Urban II, the best way to get people to unite is to give them a common enemy.
Pope Urban II pitched the Crusades as a religious duty with a side of fighting.
The Black Death was most likely spread through Western Europe by rats and their fleas.
The Black Death was the second major epidemic of its time. The first known epidemic of of the disease that also caused "The Black Death" was The Plague of Justinian.