Answer:
a. firms have different costs.
Explanation:
A market might have an upward-sloping long-run supply curve if
a. firms have different costs.
b. consumers exercise market power over producers.
c. all factors of production are essentially available in unlimited supply.
d. the entry of new firms into the market has no effect on the cost structure of firms in the market.
A required reserve ratio of 7 percent gives rise to a simple deposit multiplier of 14.29.
<h3>What is reserve ratio?</h3>
The reserve ratio is the percentage of reservable liabilities which commercial banks must keep rather than lend or invest. This is a requirement set by the country's central bank, which is the Federal Reserve in the United States. It is also referred to as the cash reserve ratio.
Some key points related to reserve ratio are-
- The reserve requirement is the minimum amount of deposits that a bank must hold, and it is sometimes used interchangeably with the reserve ratio.
- Regulation D of the Federal Reserve Board establishes the reserve ratio.
- Regulation D established uniform reserve requirements with all deposit accounts with transaction accounts and necessitates banks to provide the Federal Reserve with regular reports.
- Suppose the Federal Reserve determined that the reserve ratio should be 11%. This means that if a bank has $1 billion in deposits, it must keep $110 million in reserve ($1 billion x.11 = $110 million).
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Answer:
Lorenz curve can be understood as a graphical representation of distribution of wealth or income among the population in a given economy.
Explanation:
Lorenz Curve was proposed by Max O. Lorenz in the year 1905 to represent inequality in the distribution of income among the given population. This curve illustrates that the distribution of wealth is not equal, where one section of the population has all the wealth or income of the economy and the other section of the population is left with none. Whereas in the case of perfect equality, each section of the population should receive an equal amount of wealth of the economy. This means that N% of the society should always have N% of income and not more and not less than that. Thus, this situation is hypothetical and thus, the idea of the Lorenz Curve comes into consideration.
When surplus <span>funds are set aside (idling the excess) and the government does not spend the money nor apply it to past debt, this action does not cause expansion or contraction.
That statement is true. Expansion or contraction happens when the amount of Government budget is accumulated or decreased as the result of last year's operations</span>