Answer:
1. Chromosomes
2.Carl Correns
3. Mutation
4. Mitosis
5. Gregor Mendel
6. DNA
7.R.C. Punnett
8. Incomplete dominance
9. Meiosis
Explanation:
1. Chromosomes are described as thread-like structures. They are called DNA molecules because they are made up of DNA that are coiled up tightly. They are found in the nucleus of the cell.
2. Carl Correns was a botanist and geneticist who worked with flowers called four o'clocks. With the flowers he discovered different patterns of heredity, or non-mendelian heredity. He conducted this experiment to determine up to what extent do the Mendelian inheritance patterns remain valid.
3. Mutation is a change in in DNA. Since DNA controls how an organism develops ( in terms of appearance, structure, and behavior), a change in DNA would change many of those characteristics. Mutations can be good and bad, but it is essential to evolution and genetic diversity.
4. Mitosis is a type of cell division where the daughter cells get the same number of chromosomes as the parent. In other words, they are the exact copy of the parent cells. This occurs in body cells.
5. Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics for his laws of inheritance. His work on pea plants, he established the laws of heredity; Law of segregation; Law of Independent Assortment; and Law of Dominance.
6. DNA is short for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is a molecule that carries all the genetic information of an organism. It stores this information in the form of a code using 4 bases; Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine, and Thymine.
7. Reginald Crundall Punnett was a geneticist who linked statistics and mendellian genetics to come up with the Punnett Square. The Punnett Square is used to determine the probability of genotypes of offsprings, given the genotypes of the parents.
8. Incomplete dominance is a non-mendellian inheritance where instead of the dominant trait masking the recessive trait, the traits blend together. You can see this with some plants where when a white flower is crossed with a red flower, it results in pink flowers.
9. Meiosis is a type of cell division that occur in sex cells. The resulting daughter cells only have half the original number of chromosomes as the parent cells. The daughter cells only have half of the parent cells because unlike in mitosis, the cell divides twice.
