Well there alot of challenges faced by biologist researchers during the research of infectious disease, however major of those include the followings:
1- Defining and measuring the fitness for pathogens across the scales
2- Developing models to capture the impact of co-infection on the evolutionary process
3- Modeling how pathogen characteristics shape the evolution of hose immune diversity
4- Understanding the maintenance of pathogen diversity
5- Developing the better models for the impact of genetic systems on pathogen evolution .
When crossing alleles for color, you get
25% pp
50% Pp
25% PP
White flowers are recessive, so there is a 1/4 chance
And when crossing alleles for shape you get
25% rr
50% Rr
25% RR
Wrinkled seeds are recessive so there is a 1/4 chance
Since you are looking for white flowers AND wrinkled seeds, you need to multiply 1/4 x 1/4, giving you a 1/16 chance that the offspring will have these two traits
It is c because it says mostly true but b is also true.
