In which time period exactly?
The main change is the countries the immigrants were coming from. The immigrants in 1840s were coming from the Western Europe mainly Ireland and Germany. Immigrants from Asia and Eastern Europe were coming a bit later while during the beginning of the 20th century most of the immigrants came from Italy.
Since you're in a rush, the shortest answer would be that it is D., William Seward, whom decided to buy Alaska.
The answer to this question is True. Yes, it is the Federal or central government who supports and financed on this project – a national road and this is considered as an internal improvement in the community.