Is this an English question ?<span />
I would estimate that the first one is the answer.
I looked up the summary(s) for both the passages, and 'to build a fire' is about a guy who despite everything being against him, being persistent and dying because of his actions, while 'gumption' is about the hardships of african americans.
Of course, this is just my estimation.
Opinions are subjective, as they can vary from person to person but facts are objective.
Pejorative means to make worse.